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Poster 02 · Models, Methods & Artifacts
PMBOK® Guide — 7th Edition · §4.2.1–4.2.2

Models I — Leadership & Communication

Models that help you lead individuals and communicate across diverse, dispersed teams. Leadership style is tailored just like processes — matched to the person and the situation.

Situational Leadership® II · Ken Blanchardcompetence × commitment

As a person’s competence (ability, knowledge, skill) and commitment (confidence, motivation) evolve, the leader’s style evolves to match:

Directinglow competence Coaching Supporting Delegatinghigh competence

OSCAR coaching modelWhittleworth & Gilbert

  • Outcome — long-term goal and the result wanted from each session.
  • Situation — current skills, abilities and how they affect performance.
  • Choices / consequences — the avenues to the outcome and their trade-offs.
  • Actions — commit to specific, attainable, time-bound improvements.
  • Review — regular meetings keep the person motivated and on track.

Why these matter

  • Leadership style is tailored to the individual and the team — not one fixed approach.
  • Both models are about developing people toward autonomy and high performance.
  • Most useful in the Team performance domain.

Communication models§4.2.2

Browaeys & Price

Cross-Cultural Communication

Both the message and how it’s sent are shaped by each party’s knowledge, experience, language, thinking, stereotypes and relationship — which also shape how it’s interpreted.

Medium

Effectiveness of Communication Channels

The communication medium influences effectiveness; richer channels suit complex or sensitive messages, leaner channels suit simple ones.

Expectation gaps

Gulf of Execution & Evaluation

Describes disconnects between end-user expectations and reality — the gulf in doing (execution) and in interpreting results (evaluation).